Perceptions and Sustainability of Community Tourism: Shiripuno Community, Misahuallí-Ecuador

  • Gabriela Guijarro Universidad Iberoamericana del Ecuador
  • Verónica Pacheco Universidad de Versalles Saint Quentin En Yvelines
  • Juan Fernando Verdesoto Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador

Abstract

The main goal of this article is to analyze the perceptions and sustainability of community-based tourism in the Shiripuno community, located in the Ecuadorian Amazon. The study includes qualitative and quantitative statistical models for information gathering and data analysis about tourists’, residents’ and other key stakeholders’ points of view. Data obtained has been interpreted through a combined adaptation of Butler’s “life-cycle of the tourist destination” (1980) and Doxey’s irritation index. This interpretation shows that the Community is in the Development phase (apathy). The application of both theoretical models provides an analysis that reveals some particularities of this form of tourism which can be considered for future sustainability assessments. Even though the Shiripuno tourism
destination is in the development phase, it is important to take into consideration some characteristics, such as residents' preference for economic benefits over the other pillars of sustainability: social and environmental. This vision could constitute a risk to itself in that the future decline of the destination could be related to environmental degradation and social conflicts resulting from tourism.

References

Ap, J. 1992, “Residents‘ perceptions on tourism impacts”, en: Annals of Tourism Research,19 (4), pp. 665-690.

Ajzen, I. y Fishbein, M., 1980, Understanding attitudes and predicting social behaviour, Prentice-Hall.

Azevedo, L. 2007, Ecoturismo Indígena,Abya – Yala, Quito.

Berry, T. 2006, “The predictive potential of the TALC model”, en: Butler, R. W. (Ed.), The Tourism Area Life Cycle, Vol. 2 - Conceptual and Theoretical Issues, Channel View Publications, Toronto, pp. 254-279.

Butler, R. W. 1980, “The concept of tourist area cycle of evolution: implications for management of resources”, en: Canadian Geographer, 24 (1), pp. 5 -12.

Coca, A. 2007, “Machacuyacu, Turismo y organización comunitaria”, en: Ruiz-Ballesteros, E. y D. Solis (Eds.), Turismo Comunitario en Ecuador. Desarrollo y sostenibilidad social, Abya – Yala, Quito, pp. 93-124.

Coccossis, H. 2002, “Island Tourism development and carrying capacity”, en: Apostolopoulos, Y. y D. Gayle (Eds.), Island tourism and sustainable development: Caribbean, Pacific and Mediterranean experiences, Praeger, London,pp. 131-144.

Denscombe, M. 2007, The Good Research Guide, Open University Press, Berkshire.

Diedrich, A. y García, E. 2009, “Local perceptions of tourism as indicators of destination decline”, en: Tourism Management, 30 (4), pp. 512-521.

Doxey, G. 1976, “When enough’s enough: The natives are restless in Old Niagara” en: Heritage Canada, 2, pp. 26-27, en: http://www.scirp.org/(S(lz5mqp453edsnp55rrgjct55))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=425976.

Erskine, L. y Meyer, D. 2012, “Influenced and influential: the role of tour operators and development organizations in tourism and poverty reduction in Ecuador”, en: Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20 (3), pp. 339-357.

Espeso-Molinero, P. et al. 2016, “Knowledge dialogue through Indigenous tourism product design: a collaborative research process with the Lacandon of Chiapas, Mexico”, en: Journal of Sustainable Tourism, en: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09669582.2016.1193188?journalCode=rsus20

Faulkner, B. y Tideswell, C. 1997, “A framework for monitoring community impacts of tourism”, en: Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 5(1), pp. 3-28.

Freeman, R. 1984, Strategic Management: a stakeholder approach, Cambridge University, New York.

Fundación CODESPA. 2011, Modelo de gestión del turismo rural comunitario de COPESPA. Una experiencia regional andina, Codespa, Lima.

García, C. 2016, “Turismo comunitario en Ecuador: ¿Quo Vadis?”, en: Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo, Vol. 25 (4), Buenos Aires, pp. 597-614, disponible en: GAD Municipal del Tena. 2014, Memoria técnica descriptiva de las comunidades de Shiripuno y San Pedro de Misahuallí.

Gobierno Parroquial de Puerto Misahualli. 2015, Actualización del plan de desarrollo y ordenamiento territorial – Parroquia Puerto Misahuallí, Cantón Tena – Provincia de Napo 2015-2019. Puerto Misahuallí.

Hanafiah, M. H. et al. 2013, “Local Community Attitude and Support towards Tourism Development in Tioman Island, Malaysia”, en: Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,ponencia presentada en Asia Pacific International Conference on Environment-Behaviour Studies. From Research to Practice, University of Westminster, London, UK, 4-6 September 2013, 105, pp. 792-800.

Jafari, J. 2000, Encyclopedia of Tourism, Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, London and New York.
Kim, K. et al. 2013, “How does tourism in a community impact the quality of life of community residents?”, en: Tourism Management, 36, pp. 527-540.

Márquez, A. y Sánchez, A. 2007, Turismo y ambiente: la percepción de los turistas nacionales en Bahía de Banderas, Nayarit, México, en: Revista Investigaciones Geográficas,64, pp. 134-152.

Martin, D. 2005, Determinantes estratégicos de la fidelidad del turista en destinos maduros,tesis doctoral, Universidad de la Laguna, Tenerife.

Muñoz-Barriga, A. 2015, “La contradicción del turismo en la conservación y el desarrollo en Galápagos – Ecuador”, en: Estudios y perspectivas en turismo, 24 (2), pp. 399-413.

Muñoz Barriga, A. 2017, “Conciliating Conservation and Development in an Amazonian Biosphere Reserve, Ecuador?”, en Die Erde, Journal of the Geographical Society of Berlin, Vol. 148 (2-3) pp. 1-16, consultado en: http://dx.doi.org/10.12854/erde.v148i2-3.249

Murray, S. 2008, “Community Benefit Tourism Initiatives – A conceptual oxymoron?”, Tourism Management, 29 (1), pp. 1-18.

Navas-Camargo, F. y Zwerg, A. M. 2014, “Community based Tourism: is this progress?”, en: Revista Ciencias Estratégicas, 22 (32), pp: 249-259.

Neudel, Y. 2015, “La experiencia del turismo comunitario en Yunguilla, Ecuador y su impacto sociocultural en la comunidad”, en: Letras Verdes. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Socioambientales, 18, pp. 48-70.

Pilquimán, M. 2016, “El turismo comunitario como una estrategia de supervivencia. Resistencia y reivindicacióncultural indígena de comunidades mapuche en la región de los Ríos (Chile)”, en: Estudios y perspectivas en turismo, 25 (4), pp. 439-459.

Rodrigues Marins, S.et al. 2015, “Impactos percibidos del turismo. Un estudio comparativo con residentes y trabajadores del sector de Rio de Janeiro – Brasil”, en: Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo, 24 (1), Buenos Aires, disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=180732864007,pp. 115-134.

Ruiz-Ballesteros, E. et al.2008, “Turismo comunitario en Ecuador. Comprendiendo el community-based tourismdesde la comunidad”, en: PASOS, Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 6 (3), pp. 399-418.

Ruiz-Ballesteros, E. 2011, “Social-ecological resilience and community-based tourism. An approach from Agua Blanca, Ecuador”, en: Tourism Management, 32 (3), pp. 655-666.

Shiripuno Turismo Comunitario. 2016, “El turismo comunitario”, en : http://shiripuno.free.fr/?lang=es, recuperado el 10/05/2016.

Solis, D. 2007, “De la resistencia a la sostenibilidad. El proceso histórico del Turismo Comunitario en Ecuador y sus retos actuales”, en: Ruiz-Ballesteros, E. y D. Solis (Eds.), Turismo Comunitario en Ecuador. Desarrollo y sostenibilidad social, Abya – Yala, Quito, pp. 29-50.

Stronza, A. y Gordillo, J. 2008, Community views of Ecotourism, en: Annals of Tourism Research, 35 (2), pp. 448-468.

Tooman, A. 1997, “Multipliers and Life Cycles: A Comparison of Methods for Evaluating Tourism and Its Impacts”, en: Journal of Economic Issues, 31 (4), pp. 917-932.

UNDP. 2008, Desarrollo de Capacidades - Nota de Práctica, Programa de Naciones Unidades para el Desarrollo, New York, EEUU.

Vargas, D. y Brenner, L. 2013, “Ecoturismo comunitario y conservación ambiental: la experiencia de La Ventanilla, Oaxaca, México”, en: Estudios Sociales, 21 (41), pp. 32-63.
Published
2018-10-30
How to Cite
Guijarro, G., Pacheco, V., & Verdesoto, J. F. (2018). Perceptions and Sustainability of Community Tourism: Shiripuno Community, Misahuallí-Ecuador. Antropología Cuadernos De Investigación, (19), 12-34. https://doi.org/10.26807/ant.v0i19.146
Section
Tema: Turismo, Naturaleza y Cultura